Endgame for Endosulfan - EPA announces ban on use in the US
End game for endosulfan
Environmental health and farmworker groups celebrate U.S.
phaseout of persistent pesticide.
Today Pesticide Action Network North America (PANNA) and partners around the world are rejoicing over U.S. EPA’s announcement of the end of endosulfan, an antiquated, highly toxic insecticide. The pesticide has been linked to autism, birth defects, and delayed puberty in humans.
“This decision is a long overdue victory for the farmworkers who have worked with this poison, the families that live near fields where it’s sprayed, and the Indigenous communities in the Arctic who are exposed to it in their traditional foods,” said Karl Tupper, Staff Scientist with PANNA. “Our work has finally paid off.”
PANNA and allies have campaigned for a ban on endosulfan for years, collecting tens of thousands of signatures on petitions to EPA, filing legal petitions, submitting detailed comment letters, and challenging in federal court the agency’s 2002 decision to reregister endosulfan.
Citing concerns over human health and environmental degradation, EPA is negotiating an agreement from its manufacturer, Makhteshim Agan North America, to voluntary remove endosulfan products from the market.
“The end of endosulfan cannot come soon enough for farmworkers,” says Jeannie Economos, Pesticide Safety and Environmental Health Project Coordinator with the Farmworker Association of Florida. “The health of farmworkers should have raised red flags on the impacts of this pesticide many years ago. Soil and water studies in and around the Everglades indicate that endosulfan is also of serious concern to wildlife.”
Today’s announcement is expected to have reverberations outside the U.S. as well. Already banned in more than 60 countries around the world, including Thailand, Sri Lanka, several African countries and all 27 members of European Union, a global ban on endosulfan is currently being pursued under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, a UN treaty.
“The U.S. EPA is taking the lead in the right direction with its decision to phase out endosulfan,” says Sarojeni V. Rengam of Pesticide Action Network Asia and the Pacific. “We hope this decision will increase momentum towards a worldwide ban that is effectively implemented by governments. The unhealthy legacy of this acutely toxic chemical has been felt for decades by farmers and rural communities in Asia and throughout the world. It is time for endosulfan to go.
Pamela Miller, Executive Director of Alaska Community Action on Toxics, agrees. “Endosulfan has become one of the most ubiquitous organochlorine pesticides in the Arctic, contaminating the traditional foods of Arctic Indigenous peoples, including fish, seabird eggs, and marine mammals. This is a serious public health and human rights issue. Unless it is phased out globally, levels are likely to increase with climate warming in the Arctic. We hope that the U.S. phase out will help advance a global ban.”
The Stockholm Convention outlaws toxic chemicals that—like PCBs and DDT—persist in the environment, bioaccumulate in food chains, and are transported across international boundaries on the wind and in ocean currents. India and China have been the most vocal opponents to adding endosulfan to the treaty, and have pointed to its continued use in the U.S. as evidence that it must not be harmful.
According to Tupper, who participates in the Convention’s negotiations, “Today’s announcement takes away one the most powerful talking points of those few countries that are determined to stop a global ban.”
Jayakumar Chelaton, Director of the Indian NGO Thanal, said, “We expect that India will be encouraged to act after hearing the decisions of the U.S. EPA to protect health and the environment, since Indian law makers have been referring to U.S. provisions when framing the Indian law. This is now the opportunity for all to stay ahead in saving the world and making it toxic free. “
What is Endosulfan?
Endosulfan is an endocrine disruptor, and low dose exposure while in the womb is linked to male reproductive harm, autism, and birth defects. High dose exposures are acutely toxic, resulting in headaches, nausea and vomiting, seizures, and in extreme cases, unconsciousness and death.
Like other persistent organic pollutants (POPs), endosulfan makes its way to the Arctic, where it bioaccumulates in the fat of animals and indigenous peoples of the Arctic. Endosulfan and its main breakdown product are also persistent environmental contaminants. Waterways near application sites are particularly threatened—for example, the EPA has estimated that after a typical endosulfan application to tomatoes, concentrations of endosulfan downstream can be up to 28 times higher than the level that is fatal to the average freshwater fish. Once released into the environment these residues take years to degrade, traveling many miles in the meanwhile.
